Annals of hepatology · 2025
Different measures of sodium intake and the risk of metabolic dysfunction-associated steatotic liver disease: Evidence from the UK Biobank.
СтатьяНазвание и аннотация: Перевод пока не подготовлен
Обработка статьи · этапы, ошибки и управление
Загрузка состояния…
Ошибки и ограничения
История · было → стало
Состояние обновляется каждые 5 секунд, пока блок открыт. Процент показывается только там, где известен объём работы. Пауза останавливает продолжение этапа; текущий запрос к источнику может завершиться.
Zhu Shiqi, Liu Lihe, Shen Yiping, Li Rui, Lin Jiaxi, Liu Lu, Liu Xiaolin, Sun Hongpeng, Zhu Jinzhou
Аннотация
INTRODUCTION AND OBJECTIVES: While excessive sodium intake is associated with hepatic steatosis, its precise role in metabolic dysfunction-associated steatotic liver disease (MASLD) remains underexplored. This study investigated the relationship between different measures of sodium intake and the risk of MASLD.
MATERIALS AND METHODS: The complete data of 286,073 participants on their self-reported frequency of adding salt to food and estimated 24-h urinary sodium excretion from the UK Biobank were analyzed. Cox proportional hazards models quantified hazard ratios (HRs) for incident MASLD, cirrhosis or liver cancer, and liver-related mortality. Mediation analyses evaluated potential mediating between sodium intake and MASLD. Energy-adjusted dietary sodium intake was evaluated in a sub-cohort of 119,073 participants with ≥2 dietary recalls.
RESULTS: During a median follow-up of 13.3 years, 3147 MASLD, 1354 cirrhosis or liver cancer, and 523 liver-related mortality cases were identified. After adjusting for confounders, participants who reported "always" adding salt had an increased risk of MASLD (HR=1.36, 95 % CI=1.19-1.56). Higher urinary sodium excretion was also associated with incident MASLD (HR=1.62, 95 % CI=1.53-1.72), displaying a J-shaped nonlinear relationship with the threshold point at 1.93 g/d. Inflammatory dysregulation, insulin resistance and renal function impairment partly mediated this association. In the sub-cohort, every 1 g increase in energy-adjusted dietary sodium intake conferred a 14 % higher risk of MASLD (HR=1.14, 95 % CI=1.01-1.28).
CONCLUSIONS: The habit of always adding salt to food, a 24-h urinary sodium excretion above 1.93 g/day, and energy-adjusted dietary sodium intake above 1.49g/d increased the risk of MASLD, partly mediated through inflammation, insulin resistance, and renal dysfunction. It is recommended that public health strategies target reducing MASLD risk based on these findings.
MATERIALS AND METHODS: The complete data of 286,073 participants on their self-reported frequency of adding salt to food and estimated 24-h urinary sodium excretion from the UK Biobank were analyzed. Cox proportional hazards models quantified hazard ratios (HRs) for incident MASLD, cirrhosis or liver cancer, and liver-related mortality. Mediation analyses evaluated potential mediating between sodium intake and MASLD. Energy-adjusted dietary sodium intake was evaluated in a sub-cohort of 119,073 participants with ≥2 dietary recalls.
RESULTS: During a median follow-up of 13.3 years, 3147 MASLD, 1354 cirrhosis or liver cancer, and 523 liver-related mortality cases were identified. After adjusting for confounders, participants who reported "always" adding salt had an increased risk of MASLD (HR=1.36, 95 % CI=1.19-1.56). Higher urinary sodium excretion was also associated with incident MASLD (HR=1.62, 95 % CI=1.53-1.72), displaying a J-shaped nonlinear relationship with the threshold point at 1.93 g/d. Inflammatory dysregulation, insulin resistance and renal function impairment partly mediated this association. In the sub-cohort, every 1 g increase in energy-adjusted dietary sodium intake conferred a 14 % higher risk of MASLD (HR=1.14, 95 % CI=1.01-1.28).
CONCLUSIONS: The habit of always adding salt to food, a 24-h urinary sodium excretion above 1.93 g/day, and energy-adjusted dietary sodium intake above 1.49g/d increased the risk of MASLD, partly mediated through inflammation, insulin resistance, and renal dysfunction. It is recommended that public health strategies target reducing MASLD risk based on these findings.