Nature and science of sleep · 2025
Development of the Sleeping Pills Receptivity and Involuntariness Scale-6 (SPRIS-6) to Assess Acceptance of Hypnotics Use.
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Chung Seockhoon, Shahrier Mohd Ashik
Аннотация
BACKGROUND: Assessing an individual's acceptance of sleep medications is valuable for clinicians, as it may be the starting point for discussing the treatment of insomnia, whether pharmacologically or nonpharmacologically. This study developed a rating scale for measuring psychological receptivity to hypnotics and validated it in a general population.
METHODS: We conducted an anonymous survey in a general Korean population. First, we developed a rating scale for psychological receptivity to hypnotic use using exploratory factor analysis (EFA) in Sample I (N = 300), followed by confirmatory factor analysis (CFA) in Sample II (N = 300). Convergent validity was assessed using the Insomnia Severity Index (ISI), Glasgow Sleep Effort Scale (GSES), Adaptive Cognition and Behaviors about Sleep-6 (ACBS-6), and Acceptance and Action Questionnaire-II (AAQ-II).
RESULTS: From the EFA, six survey items were selected from the collected items. The CFA among Sample II showed a good fit for the two-factor model (Factor 1: Involuntary nature of insomnia; Factor 2: Acceptance of sleep medication use) of our Sleeping Pills Receptivity and Involuntariness Scale-6 (SPRIS-6) (comparative fit index = 0.99, Tucker-Lewis index = 0.99, root-mean-square-error of approximation = 0.02, and standardized root-mean-square residual = 0.02). According to the multi-group CFA, the two-factor structure of the SPRIS-6 measures psychological receptivity to sleep medications in the same way, regardless of whether or not participants reported insomnia. Using McDonald's coefficient of 0.80, the two-factor structure of the SPRIS-6 demonstrated good internal consistency. Linear regression analysis showed that the ISI score was positively influenced by the SPRIS-6 (β = 0.16, p = 0.002), GSES (β = 0.49, p = 0.001), and AAQ-II (β = 0.18, p = 0.001), whereas it was inversely influenced by the ACBS-6 (β = -0.10, p = 0.037).
CONCLUSION: The SPRIS-6 is a reliable and valid rating scale that measures psychological receptivity to sleep medication use.
METHODS: We conducted an anonymous survey in a general Korean population. First, we developed a rating scale for psychological receptivity to hypnotic use using exploratory factor analysis (EFA) in Sample I (N = 300), followed by confirmatory factor analysis (CFA) in Sample II (N = 300). Convergent validity was assessed using the Insomnia Severity Index (ISI), Glasgow Sleep Effort Scale (GSES), Adaptive Cognition and Behaviors about Sleep-6 (ACBS-6), and Acceptance and Action Questionnaire-II (AAQ-II).
RESULTS: From the EFA, six survey items were selected from the collected items. The CFA among Sample II showed a good fit for the two-factor model (Factor 1: Involuntary nature of insomnia; Factor 2: Acceptance of sleep medication use) of our Sleeping Pills Receptivity and Involuntariness Scale-6 (SPRIS-6) (comparative fit index = 0.99, Tucker-Lewis index = 0.99, root-mean-square-error of approximation = 0.02, and standardized root-mean-square residual = 0.02). According to the multi-group CFA, the two-factor structure of the SPRIS-6 measures psychological receptivity to sleep medications in the same way, regardless of whether or not participants reported insomnia. Using McDonald's coefficient of 0.80, the two-factor structure of the SPRIS-6 demonstrated good internal consistency. Linear regression analysis showed that the ISI score was positively influenced by the SPRIS-6 (β = 0.16, p = 0.002), GSES (β = 0.49, p = 0.001), and AAQ-II (β = 0.18, p = 0.001), whereas it was inversely influenced by the ACBS-6 (β = -0.10, p = 0.037).
CONCLUSION: The SPRIS-6 is a reliable and valid rating scale that measures psychological receptivity to sleep medication use.