Neoantigen-based TCR-T therapy in solid tumors.

T-cell immunotherapy is an appealing cancer immunotherapy that consists mainly of modified T cells based on chimeric antigen receptors (CARs) and engineered T-cell receptors (TCRs). TCR-T cells have significant advantages over CAR-T for solid tumor treatment, with the ability to recognize antigens expressed on the cell surface and in the intracellular compartment, and have a lower risk of adverse effects due to the normal physiological T cell activation architecture of the TCR. This study aims to provide an overview of novel TCR-related cancer therapeutic targets to expand the application of TCR-T cell therapy, focusing on methods to identify novel antigens in patients and novel TCRs, and discusses the main current challenges of TCR-T, describing potential solutions to improve its safety and efficacy. Finally, we discuss the latest clinical research status of its above studies, providing new ideas to promote further development of TCR-T in the future.