Post-traumatic stress disorder: evidence for diagnostic validity and methods of psychological assessment.

Post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) is a diagnosis that has been the subject of considerable criticism in the clinical literature. Of primary concern has been the question of whether PTSD is a disorder that can be discriminated reliably from already existing diagnoses, such as depression, dysthymia, or generalized anxiety disorder. This paper reviews the evidence that surrounds this controversy and employs the guidelines for validating a diagnosis established by Robins and Guze (1970) as the framework for the review. A second purpose of this paper is to present a multiaxial approach for the assessment of PTSD. This approach includes the use of structured interviews, psychometrics, and a psychophysiological assessment procedure. Studies that support the reliability and validity of the components of the multiaxial method are reviewed.