Hepatic involvement in light chain amyloidosis: analysis of 130 patients and predictors of hepatic response and survival.

UNLABELLED: Organ response is key to improving outcomes in light chain (AL) amyloidosis. We investigated factors associated hepatic response (HepR) in a large cohort of patients with hepatic AL amyloidosis.

METHODS

Retrospective study of newly-diagnosed AL amyloidosis patients (n = 130) with liver involvement evaluated at the Mayo Clinic between 2000-2021. Patients were eligible if they had documented liver involvement and baseline alkaline phosphatase (ALP)≥1.5x upper limit of normal (ULN). HepR was defined as >50% reduction in ALP from baseline or ALP normalization. HepRs were assessed at 6, 12, 24 month after treatment initiation and the best HepR at any time point.

RESULTS

The median baseline ALP was 2.88-fold the ULN (ALP:ULN, IQR: 2.15-4.41), and the median bilirubin was 0.7 mg/dL. HepR rates increased with time from 28% at 6 months, 36% at 12 months and 48% at 24 months. The median time to HepR was 21.5 months (95%CI = 15.4-29.5). Baseline ALP ≥ 4xULN consistently predicted HepR across all time points. Hematological response (HemR) also independently predicted HepR at 12, 24 months and best response. At best hepatic response, kappa isotype, and front-line ASCT were further independent predictors of HepR.

CONCLUSIONS

The degree of baseline ALP elevation and HemR are reliable predictors of HepR.