Proteomic Response to Thaxtomin Phytotoxin Elicitor Cellobiose and to Deletion of Cellulose Utilization Regulator CebR in Streptomyces scabies.

Streptomyces scabies is responsible for common scab disease on root and tuber vegetables. Production of its main phytotoxin thaxtomin A is triggered upon transport of cellulose byproducts cellotriose and cellobiose, which disable the repression of the thaxtomin biosynthesis activator gene txtR by the cellulose utilization regulator CebR. To assess the intracellular response under conditions where S. scabies develops a virulent behavior, we performed a comparative proteomic analysis of wild-type S. scabies 87-22 and its cebR null mutant (hyper-virulent phenotype) grown in the absence or presence of cellobiose. Our study revealed significant changes in abundance of proteins belonging to metabolic pathways known or predicted to be involved in pathogenicity of S. scabies. Among these, we identified proteins of the cello-oligosaccharide-mediated induction of thaxtomin production, the starch utilization system required for utilization of the carbohydrate stored in S. scabies's hosts, and siderophore synthesis utilization systems, which are key features of pathogens to acquire iron once they colonized the host. Thus, proteomic analysis supported by targeted mass spectrometry-based metabolite quantitative analysis revealed the central role of CebR as a regulator of virulence of S. scabies.