Frontiers in immunology · 2024
An early warning indicator of mortality risk in patients with COVID-19: the neutrophil extracellular traps/neutrophilic segmented granulocyte ratio.
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Wang Qiong, Qin Yu, Ma Jingyun, Zhou Kehao, Xia Guiping, Li Ya, Xie Li, Afful Richmond Godwin, Lan Qian, Huo Xingyu, Zou Jian, Yang Hailin
Аннотация
BACKGROUND: Neutrophil extracellular traps (NETs) play a key role in thrombus formation in patients with coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19). However, the existing detection and observation methods for NETs are limited in their ability to provide quantitative, convenient, and accurate descriptions of in situ NETs. Therefore, establishing a quantitative description of the relationship between NETs and thrombosis remains a challenge.
OBJECTIVE: We employed morphological observations of blood cells and statistical analyses to investigate the correlation between the NETs/neutrophilic segmented granulocyte ratio and mortality risk in patients with COVID-19.
METHODS: Peripheral blood samples were collected from 117 hospitalized patients with COVID-19 between November 2022 and February 2023, and various blood cell parameters were measured. Two types of smudge cells were observed in the blood and counted: lymphatic and neutral smudge cells. Statistical data analysis was used to establish COVID-19 mortality risk assessment indicators.
RESULTS: Morphological observations of neutrophilic smudge cells revealed swelling, eruption, and NETs formation in the neutrophil nuclei. Subsequently, the NETs/neutrophilic segmented granulocyte ratio (NNSR) was calculated. A high concentration of NETs poses a fatal risk for thrombus formation in patients. Statistical analysis indicated that a high NNSR was more suitable for evaluating the risk of death in patients with COVID-19 compared to elevated fibrinogen (FIB) and D-dimer (DD) levels.
CONCLUSION: Observing blood cell morphology is an effective method for the detection of NETs, NNSR are important markers for revealing the mortality risk of patients with COVID-19.
OBJECTIVE: We employed morphological observations of blood cells and statistical analyses to investigate the correlation between the NETs/neutrophilic segmented granulocyte ratio and mortality risk in patients with COVID-19.
METHODS: Peripheral blood samples were collected from 117 hospitalized patients with COVID-19 between November 2022 and February 2023, and various blood cell parameters were measured. Two types of smudge cells were observed in the blood and counted: lymphatic and neutral smudge cells. Statistical data analysis was used to establish COVID-19 mortality risk assessment indicators.
RESULTS: Morphological observations of neutrophilic smudge cells revealed swelling, eruption, and NETs formation in the neutrophil nuclei. Subsequently, the NETs/neutrophilic segmented granulocyte ratio (NNSR) was calculated. A high concentration of NETs poses a fatal risk for thrombus formation in patients. Statistical analysis indicated that a high NNSR was more suitable for evaluating the risk of death in patients with COVID-19 compared to elevated fibrinogen (FIB) and D-dimer (DD) levels.
CONCLUSION: Observing blood cell morphology is an effective method for the detection of NETs, NNSR are important markers for revealing the mortality risk of patients with COVID-19.