Multiomic, Histologic, and scRNA-seq Profiling of Pleural Mesothelioma Reveals Negative Prognosis Associated With a Novel Uncommitted Molecular Phenotype.

INTRODUCTION

Multiomics pleural mesothelioma (PM) studies have identified prognostic molecular subsets of PM histologic types, epithelioid (ePM), biphasic (bPM), and sarcomatoid (sPM), defined by relative tumor cell content. However, the underlying biology modulating survival remains unknown.

METHODS

Using 93 samples from 40 patients, we performed single-cell RNA sequencing (scRNA-seq), bulk exome and RNA sequencing, optical genome mapping, spatial transcriptomics, and histologic analyses to identify candidate drivers and prognostic biomarkers of malignant cell (MC) state.

RESULTS

We identified a novel uncommitted MC state enriched in bPM tumors. Using inferred copy number variants, we observed all three MC states within individual clones suggesting MC state is not clonally restricted. We identified TGF-β and GAS6-AXL signaling as candidate MC state drivers for further study. Finally, we validated two prognostic MC state immunohistochemistry biomarkers, MEST (uncommitted) and MSLN (epithelioid).

CONCLUSIONS

These multiomic, scRNA-seq analyses of primary patient tissues provide new candidate drivers of MC state and novel biomarkers to improve patient stratification. Further experimental exploration and clinical validation of these findings may reveal new treatment strategies and refine current clinical decision-making in PM.