Precision Medicine in Thoracic Surgery: Chest Wall, Pleural, and Mediastinal Malignancies.

Precision medicine has transformed cancer care by tailoring treatments to the molecular profiles of tumors. While advances have been significant in common cancers, rare malignancies of the chest including primary chest wall tumors, mesothelioma, mediastinal germ cell tumors, and thymic epithelial tumors have progressed more slowly due to their rarity and heterogeneity. Unique biological alterations in these tumors offer opportunities for targeted therapies, which may enhance surgical outcomes and improve survival. This article reviews the evolving precision medicine landscape for these thoracic tumors, highlighting current strategies and future directions in both neoadjuvant and adjuvant settings.