Use of intraoperative high frequency oscillatory ventilation in neonates with pulmonary hypoplasia.

High-frequency oscillatory ventilation (HFOV) is a ventilatory modality widely used in neonatal intensive care units. Its main indication is restrictive lung pathology with difficult gas exchange using conventional mechanical ventilation (CMV). Patients receiving CMV require high intensity care, and immature lungs can be at risk for barotrauma and volutrauma. The few studies that have explored the use of HFOV in the operating room are mainly limited to HFVO during congenital diaphragmatic hernia repair. Limited experience of this ventilatory method in the operating room may be a disadvantage for the anesthesiologist. However, it is important to remember the benefits of this technique as a lung protection strategy. We report two cases of neonatal pulmonary hypoplasia of different etiology in which good oxygenation and ventilation was achieved with intraoperative HFOV.