[Identification of pelvic autonomic nerves during partial and total mesorectal excision--influence parameters and significance for neurogenic bladder].

INTRODUCTION

The objective of the present prospective study was to determine the frequency of pelvic autonomic nerve preservation (PANP) during total mesorectal excision (TME) for rectal carcinoma, and to identify a possible link between PANP and postoperative micturition disturbances.

METHODS

Between March 1997 and February 2003, 229 patients with adenocarcinoma of the rectum were operated on with sphincter preservation in 178 (78%) cases. In 101 (48%) patients, the tumor did not invade the muscularis propria. To determine influence parameters on the achievement of complete PANP, a multivariate analysis was performed. The number of complete-partial-or nonidentification of the nerves (superior hypogastric plexus up to the neurovascular bundles) was documented and correlated with micturition disturbances.

RESULTS

The pelvic autonomic nerves were identified completely in 169 (74%), partially in 25 (11%), and could not be demonstrated in 35 (15%) patients. Multivariate analysis showed multivisceral resection ( p<0.001), gender ( p<0.001), surgeon (<25 operations >, p<0.001), and tumor site (middle/upper third vs lower third of rectum, p= 0.011) to exert an independent influence on the achievement of complete PANP. Twenty (8.8%) patients needed a long-term urinary catheter. Preservation of the parasympathetic nerves was associated with low bladder dysfunction rates (4.1 vs 22.4%, p<0.001).

CONCLUSIONS

To minimize the risk of postoperative micturition disturbances due to neurogenic bladder, pelvic autonomic nerves should be identified during TME. Neurogenic bladder after TME is a useful parameter to assess the quality of surgical treatment for rectal carcinoma.