Medicine and science in sports and exercise · 2025
Sex-Specific Lean Mass Changes during Marine Corps Officer Candidates School and Associations with Physical Health, Performance, and Military Readiness.
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Koltun Kristen J, Forse Jennifer N, Feigel Evan D, Tiede Dakota, Kargl Christopher K, Steele Elizabeth J, Bird Matthew B, Lovalekar Mita, Martin Brian J, Nindl Bradley C
Аннотация
UNLABELLED: Individuals participating in military training are subject to physical training that can affect body mass and composition in a manner that may be dependent on sex and relate to physical health and performance.
PURPOSE: This investigation compared changes in body composition between sexes during Marine Corps Officer Candidates School, and explored potential associations with physical health, performance, and military readiness outcomes.
METHODS: At the onset of training, 55 officer candidates ( n = 27 female) completed body composition analyses and 28 ( n = 11 female) completed posttesting. Two-way mixed measures analyses of variance compared changes over time between sexes, and Pearson or Spearman correlations examined associations among changes in body composition and performance outcomes.
RESULTS: After training, lean mass ( P = 0.002, 7%) increased in female but not male candidates. Body fat percentage ( P = 0.013) decreased to a greater extent in female ( P < 0.001, -33%) than in male ( P < 0.001, -26%) candidates. Reductions in body mass and fat mass were similar between sexes. Change in body mass was negatively associated with change in physical fitness test score ( P = 0.038, r = -0.401), such that greater reductions in body mass would be associated with greater improvements in test score. Positive associations between change in body mass, body mass index, and lean mass ( P ≤ 0.040, r ≥ 0.414) with change in countermovement jump absolute force were observed. Increased lean mass was associated with reduced C-reactive protein concentration ( P = 0.004, ρ = -0.675).
CONCLUSIONS: Reductions in fat mass and body mass as well as sex-specific changes in lean mass were demonstrated. Lean mass may also be beneficial for maintaining physical performance and health during military training.
PURPOSE: This investigation compared changes in body composition between sexes during Marine Corps Officer Candidates School, and explored potential associations with physical health, performance, and military readiness outcomes.
METHODS: At the onset of training, 55 officer candidates ( n = 27 female) completed body composition analyses and 28 ( n = 11 female) completed posttesting. Two-way mixed measures analyses of variance compared changes over time between sexes, and Pearson or Spearman correlations examined associations among changes in body composition and performance outcomes.
RESULTS: After training, lean mass ( P = 0.002, 7%) increased in female but not male candidates. Body fat percentage ( P = 0.013) decreased to a greater extent in female ( P < 0.001, -33%) than in male ( P < 0.001, -26%) candidates. Reductions in body mass and fat mass were similar between sexes. Change in body mass was negatively associated with change in physical fitness test score ( P = 0.038, r = -0.401), such that greater reductions in body mass would be associated with greater improvements in test score. Positive associations between change in body mass, body mass index, and lean mass ( P ≤ 0.040, r ≥ 0.414) with change in countermovement jump absolute force were observed. Increased lean mass was associated with reduced C-reactive protein concentration ( P = 0.004, ρ = -0.675).
CONCLUSIONS: Reductions in fat mass and body mass as well as sex-specific changes in lean mass were demonstrated. Lean mass may also be beneficial for maintaining physical performance and health during military training.