Physical performance measures associated with life space of older adults.

BACKGROUND

Life space is a potential biomarker for the health of older adults. In this study, we contribute up-to-date findings on the status of life space and physical performance of older adults in Singapore. More importantly, we identify the specific physical performance measures that are significantly associated with life space, elucidating specific aspects of locomotion amenable to rehabilitation.

METHODS

We administered a questionnaire and physical performance tests with a large cohort of older adults (N = 1118). Key measures in this study include the University of Alabama at Birmingham’s Life Space Assessment, Timed Up and Go, Handgrip Strength, Two-minute Step Test, 10 m Walk Test, 30-seconds Chair Stand Test, 5-time Sit to Stand Test, and Short Physical Performance Battery. Controlling for sociodemographic variables, we performed a regression analysis to identify the physical performance measures that have significant impact on life space.

RESULTS

Handgrip strength—a measure of overall strength—and gait speed—a measure of overall walking performance—were significantly associated with life space. On the contrary, tests of power or endurance, or composite tests, did not have significant associations.

CONCLUSIONS

This study shows that focusing on overall strength and walking performance of older adults can maintain or improve their life spaces, ensuring continued participation in the community. Lower body strength and power, along with cardiopulmonary endurance, appear to have less significant associations with older adults’ life space. We recommend that physicians focus on gait speed and handgrip strength for maintaining older adults’ life space.