Pedicled pectoralis major flap in head and neck reconstruction - technique and overview.

The pedicled pectoralis major flap was the original workhorse flap for head and neck reconstruction. Over time, it became the secondary choice for oropharyngeal reconstruction with the implementation of free-soft tissue transfers. Nowadays, a polymorbid patient is primarily indicated for pedicled pectoralis major flap reconstruction, other indications include combinations of pedicled pectoralis major flap with free microvascular flap, salvage reconstruction due to complications, salvage reconstruction due to free flap failure and salvage reconstruction due to recurrent or extended primary disease. Pedicled pectoralis major flap can be successfully used for specific oropharyngeal defects, even primary resections, especially for less cooperative patients and patients after extensive neck dissection. Improving the flap harvesting techniques can reduce undesired complications in specific cases of oropharyngeal reconstruction. Flap morbidity in these cases remains comparable to morbidity of patients who had undergone free flap reconstruction. Pedicled pectoralis major flap remains valid reconstruction tool that should be included in the armamentarium of each surgeon dealing with reconstruction of the head and neck.