East African medical journal · 2010
The prevalence, clinical features, risk factors and outcome associated with cryptococcal meningitis in HIV positive patients in Kenya.
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Mdodo R, Brown K, Omonge E, Jaoko W, Baddley J, Pappas P, Kempf M Colette, Aban I, Odera S, Suleh A, Jolly P E
Аннотация
OBJECTIVES: To determine the prevalence, clinical features, risk factors and outcomes associated with cryptococcal meningitis (CM) in human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) positive patients at two referral hospitals in Nairobi, Kenya.
DESIGN: Prospective, observational study.
SETTING: Kenyatta National Hospital (KNH) and Mbagathi District Hospital (MDH), Nairobi, Kenya.
SUBJECTS: Three hundred and forty HIV patients presenting with suspected CM.
RESULTS: Of three hundred and forty suspected CM patients, 111 (33%) were diagnosed with CM by CrAg. Among CM patients, in-hospital mortality was 36% (38/106), median age was 35 years (range, 19-60 years) and median CD4 count was 41 cells/microL (n = 89, range 2-720 cells/microL). Common clinical manifestations among CM patients included headache 103 (93%), neck stiffness 76 (69%) and weight loss 53 (48%). Factors independently associated with CM were male sex, headache, blurred vision and previous antifungal drug use. Night sweats and current use of anti-retroviral therapy were associated with reduced risk for CM.
CONCLUSIONS: There is a high prevalence of CM and CM-associated mortality in HIV patients at KNH and MDH despite treatment with antifungal and anti-retroviral drugs. This study demonstrates the need to address the existing inadequacies of CM patient outcomes in Kenya.
DESIGN: Prospective, observational study.
SETTING: Kenyatta National Hospital (KNH) and Mbagathi District Hospital (MDH), Nairobi, Kenya.
SUBJECTS: Three hundred and forty HIV patients presenting with suspected CM.
RESULTS: Of three hundred and forty suspected CM patients, 111 (33%) were diagnosed with CM by CrAg. Among CM patients, in-hospital mortality was 36% (38/106), median age was 35 years (range, 19-60 years) and median CD4 count was 41 cells/microL (n = 89, range 2-720 cells/microL). Common clinical manifestations among CM patients included headache 103 (93%), neck stiffness 76 (69%) and weight loss 53 (48%). Factors independently associated with CM were male sex, headache, blurred vision and previous antifungal drug use. Night sweats and current use of anti-retroviral therapy were associated with reduced risk for CM.
CONCLUSIONS: There is a high prevalence of CM and CM-associated mortality in HIV patients at KNH and MDH despite treatment with antifungal and anti-retroviral drugs. This study demonstrates the need to address the existing inadequacies of CM patient outcomes in Kenya.