Can perceived changes in autobiographical memories' emotionality be explained by memory characteristics and individual differences?

Recalling autobiographical memories (AMs) is closely tied to emotional experience. However, the emotionality associated with an event can change from occurrence to recall. Autobiographical memories show fixed affect (i.e., no change in emotionality), fading affect (i.e., decrease in emotional intensity), flourishing affect (i.e., increase in emotional intensity), and flexible affect (i.e., change of valence). The present study used mixed-effects multinomial models to predict perceived changes in positive and negative valence as well as intensity. Initial intensity, vividness, and social rehearsal were entered into the models as event level predictor variables, whereas rumination and reflection were entered into the models as participant level predictor variables. Analyses were based on 3950 AMs reported by 352 participants (18-92 years old) in response to 12 emotional cue-words. Participants rated the emotionality of each memory from the perspective of event occurrence and event recall. Only the predictors on the event level meaningfully distinguished between memories that stayed fixed in affect and memories that showed fading, flourishing, or flexible affect (R² values ranging from .24 to .65). The present results highlight the importance of considering different aspects of AMs and the ways they change emotionally to fully understand emotional experiencing in autobiographical memory.