Antibiotic agranulocytosis: association with cephalothin and carbenicillin.

A 65-year-old woman developed agranulocytosis on two separate occasions following prophylactic administration of antibiotics before cardiac surgery. In the first leukopenic episode, large doses of cephalosporin derivatives were the only drugs implicated, and in the second, carbenicillin was believed responsible. Life-threatening septicemia occurred with Pseduomonas aeruginosa and later with Escherichia coli. Erythrocytes, platelets, and lymphocytes were not affected during these granulocytopenias. Bone marrow examination revealed an arrest of maturation in the granulocytic series. Review of the hematologic complications of cephalosporins, particularly agranulocytosis, suggests an interesting association between carbenicillin-induced neutropenia and previous administration of cephalosporins.