Obesity and Mental Health in Childhood and Adolescence: A Scoping Review of Recent Scientific Evidence.

Background: Child and adolescent obesity represent an increasing public health concern due to their physical consequences and impact on mental health. Recent studies have shown a significant association between obesity and depressive disorders during childhood and adolescence. The primary aim of this review was to analyze scientific evidence on the relationship between obesity and mental health in children and adolescents, with a particular focus on depressive symptoms and the use of anthropometric indicators. Secondary objectives included identifying the most common assessment tools, describing treatment approaches, and exploring mediating factors. Methods: A scoping literature review was conducted. The PubMed, Cochrane, and SciELO databases were searched for records published between 2015 and 2025 that met the inclusion criteria. Results: The 24 studies identified revealed a significant association between obesity and depressive symptoms, although considerable methodological heterogeneity was noted. Some studies reported a direct relationship with BMI, whereas others emphasized mediating factors such as body image perception and self-esteem. Cognitive-behavioral interventions and integrated programs showed both physical and psychological benefits. Conclusions: The relationship between child and adolescent obesity and mental health is complex and multifactorial. Findings support the development of multidisciplinary interventions that simultaneously address nutritional and psychological aspects.