Internet addiction among youth across 26 countries: psychological, personality, and socioeconomic determinants.
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Fadl Noha, Gebreal Assem, Abdelmoneim Shaimaa Abdelaziz, Abdelmoneim Fatima Asim, Jasim Maryam Khalil E, Jebnouni Achref, Tlili Mohamed Ayoub, Alshmrani Layan Saeed, Almazni Taif Ali A, Mehdad Slimane, Lahcen Ayoub Ait, Alzoubi Marwa Ashraf, Hatem Khrais Husam Aldean, Elbadawi Elhassan Mohammed Omer, El Moghrabi Alaa, Alwakaa Omar, Abouelmagd Moaz, Galwab Armara M, Vadlamudi Samhitha, Fitriangga Agus, Ashraf Mohammad Abdul Mohsin, Borisgoden Ngeh Edie Mesumbe, Hasan Sarah Khaled, Soomro Safiullah, El Khatib Ahmad, Matacho Matthew Roble, Alwakaa Ahmad, Alberca-Naira Yerson, Alghzawi Hamzah Mohammad, Bai-Sesay Alpha Umaru, Malik Tabraiz Amin, Khalleefah Alwirfili Aml Emran, Alawad Abdelgader Omelhassan Abdelgader, Jabrieh George, Enairat Aesha L E, Al-Ansi Khlood Saleh Mohammed, Yahya Al-Fadhel Sarah Abdulelah, Kengo Nathan Ezie, Nortey Mark Anum, Gamal Ahmed Ibrahim Mutwakil, Okafor Ukamaka Gladys, Ghazy Ramy Mohamed
Аннотация
STUDY DESIGN: A cross-sectional study.
METHODS: Twenty-six countries were selected using a stratified random sampling by income level. Youth aged 15-24 years were recruited through convenience and snowball sampling methods (n = 12449). The Compulsive Internet Use Scale, the Strength and Difficulties Questionnaire, and the Big-Five Inventory-2 Extra-Short Form were used to measure IA, internalizing and externalzing problems, and personality traits, respectively. Linear regression and mediation analysis were performed.
RESULTS: The mean age was 20.41 ± 2.53 years and 58.2 % were females. The weighted overall prevalence of IA was 38.4 % [95 % confidence interval (CI): 37.0 %-39.8 %], ranging from 24.0 % in Cameroon to 62.4 % in Vietnam. IA was more prevalent among participants aged 15-19 years, females, urban residents, those whose mothers had high school or university education, and those with limited parental control over Internet use. Internalizing symptoms, high negative emotionality, low extraversion, and low open-mindedness increased IA. Residence in higher-income countries, as well as prosocial behavior, reduced IA. The mediation analysis indicated that the country's income level was associated with IA both directly and indirectly through psychological and personality traits, with a direct negative effect across all models, significant positive indirect effects via extraversion and negative emotionality, and a significant negative indirect effect via prosocial behavior.
CONCLUSIONS: The findings emphasize the need to screen for internalizing and externalzing problems, consider personality traits, and recognize the family's role in addressing IA.