Epidemiological and Microbiological aspects of Candidozyma auris (Candida auris) in Latin America: A literature review.

Candidozyma auris (Candida auris) is an emerging multidrug-resistant fungal pathogen that poses a significant public health threat worldwide, particularly in Latin America, where resources for controlling outbreaks may be limited. Since the first case was reported in Venezuela in 2012, the fungus has spread to several other Latin American countries, including Colombia, Panama, Brazil, Mexico, Chile, Peru, and Argentina, manifesting as isolated cases or outbreaks, with varying prevalence. This review provides a comprehensive overview of the epidemiology and microbiological characteristics of C. auris in Latin America. Using data from 2012 to 2024, we examined epidemiological trends, antimicrobial resistance patterns, and the molecular mechanisms underlying resistance in Latin American isolates. Additionally, we discuss factors that may facilitate the spread of C. auris in the region. Countries near the equator tend to have higher incidences of C. auris and a greater prevalence of antifungal resistance. Immigration and medical tourism may further contribute to the spread of C. auris to southern countries. However, the lack of laboratory resources and trained personnel remains the primary risk factor for the silent dissemination of C. auris in the region. Conclusions: We emphasize the urgent need for coordinated public health responses to improve laboratory capabilities in Latin American hospitals, effectively combating the spread of this pathogen.