Urinary infection.

For further cytomicrobiological analysis correct urine collection is required because, in women, there is the possibility of contaminating the urine sample at micturition by the saprophyte flora of the vagina. In men, preputial hypertrophy and the germs growing on the prepuce, especially in the smegma, can cause false analytical results which may lead to misdiagnoses and inadequate treatment. To avoid this in women, the urine sample must be taken by urethral catheterization and in men by micturition but exposing the glans to avoid urine contamination by the balanopreputial flora.