[Acute HIV infection pathologically mimicking T-cell lymphoma].

A 49-year-old man was hospitalized with infectious mononucleosis-like symptoms, hepatosplenomegaly, and circulating abnormal lymphocytes. Hepatosplenic T-cell lymphoma was suspected, and bone marrow aspiration and liver biopsy were performed. The pathological diagnosis was T-cell lymphoma. When explaining malignant lymphoma to the patient, he disclosed his Men Who Have Sex with Men (MSM) status. HIV RNA test showed a markedly high viral load, and TCR gene rearrangement was negative. In view of these results, the patient was diagnosed with acute HIV infection. The previous lack of information concerning his MSM status led to a misdiagnosis, highlighting the relevance of this case to raise awareness of the importance of previously interviewing the patient.