Gendered Racial Microaggressions and Black Women's Mental Health: Does Life Course Stage Matter?

Gendered racial microaggressions refer to subtle, yet psychologically injurious, interpersonal experiences rooted in racial and gender oppression. As a manifestation of gendered racism, Black women commonly report such experiences, yet this research primarily focuses on younger (e.g., college-attending) adults. Whether gendered racial microaggressions are most salient at specific life course stages (i.e., emerging versus older adulthood) remains unclear. Drawing from intersectionality, social stress, and life course perspectives, this study investigated whether life course stage (e.g., emerging [18-29 years], established [30-45 years], midlife [46-64 years], and older [65+ years] adulthood) differentiated (1) exposure to gendered racial microaggressions and (2) the association between gendered racial microaggressions and mental health (i.e., anxiety and depression symptoms). Data were from a national sample of Black women (N = 415), and linear regression analyses were conducted. To assess moderation by life course stage, we performed statistical interactions. Our findings revealed that gendered racial microaggressions are most salient among relatively younger Black women (18-29 years). However, middle age (i.e., 46-64 years old) Black women are most psychologically affected by specific kinds of gendered racial microaggressions (i.e., Strong Black Woman Stereotype, Assumptions of Beauty and Sexual Objectification). Compared to their younger counterparts, older Black women (i.e., 65 years and older) report less frequent experiences with gendered racial microaggressions and are less psychologically vulnerable to them. We emphasize the need for measurement development to elucidate gendered racism experiences among older Black women.