Regulatory effect of implicit acceptance during outcome evaluation: The temporal dynamics in an event-related potential study.

The acceptance of emotion is important for humans' wellbeing and social functioning. Despite its regulatory advantages, the temporal dynamics of acceptance for regulating decision-related emotion remains unclear. For this purpose, Event-related potentials were recorded for outcome presentation, when participants either in explicit or implicit acceptance condition performed a Gambling Task. Results showed that acceptance effectively regulated emotional experiences, irrespective of how it was realized (explicit/implicit). Compared to viewing condition, explicit acceptance increased overall amplitudes of feedback-related negativity (FRN,180-240 ms) at the early stage and reduced P3 amplitude (240-440 ms) in general at the late stage, regardless of feedback valence or magnitude. By contrast, implicit acceptance did not influence the FRN amplitudes but increased the P3 amplitudes globally, an effect unaffected by feedback valence and magnitude. In addition, the P3 amplitude for explicit acceptance was negatively correlated with the ratio of risky choices, regardless of outcome valence. These results suggest that explicit acceptance is associated with cognitive conflict and resource depletion, while these adverse effects are not engendered during implicit acceptance. These regulatory effects are independent of specific feedback valence and magnitude. These findings highlight the role of implicit acceptance in cognitive demanding context, such as decision-making.