Maternal postnatal early overfeeding induces sex-related cardiac dysfunction and alters sexually hormones levels in young offspring.

Postnatal early overfeeding (PO) is a risk factor for cardiometabolic disorders. However, remains unknown the cardiac effects in the second generation from postnatal overfed dams. Our aim was to investigate the effects of maternal PO on cardiac parameters in second generation (F2) offspring. For this, pregnant Wistar rats (F0) were divided into two groups: normal litter (NL, 9 pups) and small litter (SL, 3 pups). At P70, female offspring (F1) of both groups were mated with non-PO male rats. At P21 male and female F2 offspring (NLO and SLO) were weaned, and at P45 they were euthanized to evaluate the cardiac function and sample collection. Male and female SLO showed increased body weight, food intake and adiposity. Blood estradiol levels were increased in the male SLO and decreased in the female SLO. Blood testosterone levels increased in SLO females, but not change in SLO male rats. Although SLO offspring presented cardiac hypertrophy, only males had ex vivo functional impairments, such as reduction of the intraventricular systolic pressure and dP/dt. Male and female SLO had increased interstitial fibrosis; however, only the male SLO had increased perivascular fibrosis. In addition, only male rats from SLO group had decreased AKT and Type 2 Ang-2 receptor, increased catalase and type alpha estrogenic receptor protein levels. Maternal PO leads to obese phenotype and alters sex-steroid levels in both male and female offspring. Although both sexes showed cardiac hypertrophy, only male offspring showed cardiac dysfunction, which may be related with Ang2 and AKT signaling impairments.