Measles immunity in HIV-infected children.

In a retrospective study, sera from 84 children of human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)-seropositive mothers (35 HIV-infected and 49 uninfected children) with a known date of receipt of measles, mumps, and rubella vaccine were tested for antibody to measles vaccine by an indirect enzyme immunoassay (EIA) method and/or microneutralization (NEUT). At the time of last measurement, 21/35 (60.0%) HIV-infected children remained seropositive by either EIA or NEUT. Forty seven of forty-nine (95.9%) uninfected children had evidence of measles antibody. Six HIV-infected children had a documented loss of antibody over time. The majority of HIV-infected children had antibody to measles vaccine virus, which in some cases decreased over time.