Early toxic epidermal necrolysis syndrome post-intra-cranial tumor resection.

INTRODUCTION

SJS and TEN are two rare self-limited but serious cutaneous drug reactions with significant morbidity and mortality. There are many drugs associated with the condition. We report a case of early TEN syndrome post Carbamazepine use, review the current literature and discuss the management challenges.

CASE REPORT: A 51-year-old female was admitted to hospital for investigation and management of complex partial seizures secondary to a meningioma. She was commenced on 100mg BD of Carbamazepine for seizure control and discharged home. Surgical resection of the meningioma was performed electively 2 weeks later. A localized erythematous macular rash mainly in the left shoulder was noted on postoperative day 3. Two days later, the patient had sloughing of the mucosa of the lips in addition to progression of the rash. Early Toxic Epidermal Necrolysis (TEN) syndrome was diagnosed by the Burns and Dermatology teams and the culprit drug was discontinued. Skin biopsy confirmed the diagnosis. The patient was commenced on intravenous immunoglobulins with excellent improvement in skin integrity and resolution of excoriations noted on discharge.

DISCUSSION: Stevens - Johnson syndrome (SJS) and TEN are two rare self-limited but serious cutaneous drug reactions with significant morbidity and mortality. The current treatment of TENS/SJS is divided into early management and symptom control. The immediate cessation of the culprit drug is quintessential. There is vast documented evidence of carbamazepine- induced SJS/TEN in patients of Asian ethnicity due to the presence of the HLA allele B*1502. HLA-B*1502 screening should be performed when using aromatic anticonvulsants such as carbamazepine in high-risk patients.