Remission of Primary Hyperparathyroidism Following Fine-Needle Aspiration Biopsy: A Case Report and Review of the Literature.

BACKGROUND

Spontaneous or fine-needle aspiration biopsy (FNAB)-induced remission of primary hyperparathyroidism (PHPT) is an extremely rare and generally transient phenomenon.

METHODS

A 40-year-old woman with a history of recurrent kidney stones was diagnosed with PHPT (serum calcium, 14.2 mg/dL; parathyroid hormone [PTH], 380 pg/mL). Ultrasonography and scintigraphy findings were consistent with a left enlarged parathyroid. Ultrasound-guided-FNAB cytology of the lesion did not confirm a parathyroid nature. However, levels of PTH within the needle-washing fluid were elevated.

RESULTS

After few days, there was evidence of biochemical remission of the hypercalcemia (calcium, 8.1 mg/dL), and at subsequent follow-up visits, the enlarged parathyroid showed progressive shrinkage with eucalcemia and normalized PTH levels throughout 12 months of follow-up.

CONCLUSIONS

Rarely, remission of PHPT may occur after ultrasound-guided-FNAB performed on a hyperfunctioning parathyroid lesion.