Frontal resting EEG theta asymmetry predicts risk perception, but not risk engagement in young adults.

Both resting theta asymmetry and risk perceptions are predictive of lab-based risk-taking behaviours, but how they are related to questionnaire measures of real-world risk-taking is still unclear. Seventy-three young adults (Mage = 20.67 ± 0.93 years; 28 men) completed questionnaires on risk-taking behaviours and perceptions of risk-taking. Theta asymmetry and midline theta were extracted from resting EEG at frontal sites. Males scored higher than females on risk-benefit perceptions and had greater theta asymmetry. Multiple regression analysis indicated that reduced risk perceptions positively predict theta asymmetry, and this predictive power persists after controlling for self-regulation. No associations were found with midline theta. However, questionnaire measures of risk-taking itself (i.e., the behaviour) are not predictive of theta asymmetry. Our findings reflect the distinct contributions of risk perceptions as an internal mindset and risk-taking as an external behaviour to resting theta asymmetry. Focus on specific types of risks and associated neural markers, therefore, may be necessary.