Analytica chimica acta · 2026
Pencil-drawn paper-based portable photoelectrochemical immunoassay of carbohydrate antigen 19-9 based on TiO2 hollow cube homogeneous junctions.
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Chen Qinyan, Lin Qiong, Zeng Yibin, Li Haining, Han Xiao, Tang Dianping, Ju Gaoda
Аннотация
BACKGROUND: The design of a fully paper-based photoelectrochemical sensing platform holds significant potential for comprehensive community cancer screening.
RESULTS: A portable photoelectrochemical (PEC) immunoassay was constructed based on TiO2 hollow cube (HTCs) homojunctions with efficient photoelectric conversion properties and a paper-based printed three-electrode system. The sensor leveraged the specific immune recognition of carbohydrate antigen 19-9 (CA19-9) to mediate horseradish peroxidase (HRP)-catalyzed conversion of 4-chloronaphthol (4-CN) into insoluble, low-conductivity 4-chloronaphthol dimer (4-CD), inducing characteristic photocurrent attenuation. Under flashlight excitation, signals were recorded using a portable nanoampere meter. The sensor exhibited a wide linear range of 0.001-50 U mL-1 for CA19-9 and an ultra-low detection limit of 0.37 mU mL-1. Furthermore, recovery tests on clinical serum samples from potential cancer patients confirmed good accuracy, and t-test results showed no significant difference between the PEC method and clinical ELISA kits, accompanied by excellent anti-interference performance.
SIGNIFICANCE: This study provides a highly sensitive and portable detection platform for CA19-9, laying a foundation for its point-of-care and home-based early screening.
RESULTS: A portable photoelectrochemical (PEC) immunoassay was constructed based on TiO2 hollow cube (HTCs) homojunctions with efficient photoelectric conversion properties and a paper-based printed three-electrode system. The sensor leveraged the specific immune recognition of carbohydrate antigen 19-9 (CA19-9) to mediate horseradish peroxidase (HRP)-catalyzed conversion of 4-chloronaphthol (4-CN) into insoluble, low-conductivity 4-chloronaphthol dimer (4-CD), inducing characteristic photocurrent attenuation. Under flashlight excitation, signals were recorded using a portable nanoampere meter. The sensor exhibited a wide linear range of 0.001-50 U mL-1 for CA19-9 and an ultra-low detection limit of 0.37 mU mL-1. Furthermore, recovery tests on clinical serum samples from potential cancer patients confirmed good accuracy, and t-test results showed no significant difference between the PEC method and clinical ELISA kits, accompanied by excellent anti-interference performance.
SIGNIFICANCE: This study provides a highly sensitive and portable detection platform for CA19-9, laying a foundation for its point-of-care and home-based early screening.