How to treat intestinal obstruction due to malignant recurrence after Whipple's resection for pancreatic head cancer: Description of 2 new endoscopic techniques.

The prognosis of pancreatic cancer remains poor, even after initial surgical therapy. Local recurrence after Whipple's pancreatico-duodenectomy may lead to intestinal obstruction at the level of the afferent limb or the alimentary limb. Endoscopic insertion of a self-expandable metal stent (SEMS) into the intestinal malignant stricture is the preferred method of choice for palliation. We describe two new endoscopic techniques to treat a malignant intestinal obstruction with the insertion of a SEMS into the afferent limb and the alimentary limb. A case of malignant gastric outlet obstruction after a Whipple's resection was treated by the creation of an endoscopic gastrojejunostomy by the insertion of a lumen apposing HotAxios stent in between the stomach and the alimentary limb under fluoroscopic and endoscopic ultrasound control. Biliary obstruction and jaundice caused by a malignant stricture of the afferent limb after a Roux-en-Y Whipple's resection was treated by the insertion of a SEMS by means of the single-balloon overtube-assisted technique under fluoroscopic control. Feasibility and advantages of both techniques are discussed.