Revista espanola de enfermedades digestivas · 2026
Ultra-processed food intake and risk of inflammatory bowel disease in the adult population ‒ A systematic review and meta-analysis.
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Mendoza-Rodríguez Raúl, Gutiérrez-Garrido Álvaro, Jiménez-Rosales Rita, Valverde-López Francisco, Fernández-García Raúl, Redondo-Cerezo Eduardo
Аннотация
PURPOSE: The incidence of inflammatory bowel disease has risen in recent years. Although its pathophysiology remains unclear, evidence suggests that dietary factors, especially ultra-processed foods, may play a role.
METHODS: A systematic review was performed according to PRISMA guidelines. MEDLINE, SCOPUS and EMBASE were searched systematically from 2019 to 2025. Quality assessment was performed using the Newcastle-Ottawa score. This review aims to evaluate the association between ultra-processed food consumption and the development of inflammatory bowel disease among adults, by summarizing methodological features and key findings of prospective cohort studies and comparing inflammatory bowel disease risk between high and low ultra-processed food dietary patterns. A dichotomous meta-analysis was performed for overall inflammatory bowel disease, Crohn's disease and ulcerative colitis. Pooled effect analysis was conducted using a random-effects model. Dichotomous variables were pooled as odds ratios.
RESULTS: 7 studies were included in the systematic review, comprising 1,534,155 participants without inflammatory bowel disease. The median Newcastle-Ottawa was 7 [range 6-8]. A high intake of ultra-processed food was significantly associated with an increased risk of Crohn´s disease (OR 1.985, 95 % confidence Interval [CI]: 1.230-3.204; p = 0.005] and overall inflammatory bowel disease (OR 1.495, 95 % CI: 1.028-2.174; p = 0.035), but not in the case of UC (OR 1.324; 95 % CI: 0.893 - 1.962; p = 0.163) Conclusion: Ultra-processed food consumption appears to be associated with an increased risk of IBD, with a more consistent association observed for Crohn's disease, which may partly explain the overall association observed for IBD, while no significant association was found for ulcerative colitis.
METHODS: A systematic review was performed according to PRISMA guidelines. MEDLINE, SCOPUS and EMBASE were searched systematically from 2019 to 2025. Quality assessment was performed using the Newcastle-Ottawa score. This review aims to evaluate the association between ultra-processed food consumption and the development of inflammatory bowel disease among adults, by summarizing methodological features and key findings of prospective cohort studies and comparing inflammatory bowel disease risk between high and low ultra-processed food dietary patterns. A dichotomous meta-analysis was performed for overall inflammatory bowel disease, Crohn's disease and ulcerative colitis. Pooled effect analysis was conducted using a random-effects model. Dichotomous variables were pooled as odds ratios.
RESULTS: 7 studies were included in the systematic review, comprising 1,534,155 participants without inflammatory bowel disease. The median Newcastle-Ottawa was 7 [range 6-8]. A high intake of ultra-processed food was significantly associated with an increased risk of Crohn´s disease (OR 1.985, 95 % confidence Interval [CI]: 1.230-3.204; p = 0.005] and overall inflammatory bowel disease (OR 1.495, 95 % CI: 1.028-2.174; p = 0.035), but not in the case of UC (OR 1.324; 95 % CI: 0.893 - 1.962; p = 0.163) Conclusion: Ultra-processed food consumption appears to be associated with an increased risk of IBD, with a more consistent association observed for Crohn's disease, which may partly explain the overall association observed for IBD, while no significant association was found for ulcerative colitis.