Dextropropoxyphene addiction--a drug of primary abuse.

In order to establish a profile of the abuser of dextropropoxyphene (DPX) in our community, we reviewed all the records from the Detoxification Unit in the Mental Health Institute in Mexicali, Baja California, Mexico. A total of 209 records were reviewed, and 73 were included in our study. Those included had a diagnosis of DPX dependence according to DSM-III-R and no associated psychiatric pathology. Most of them were single, unemployed males, with a history of at least 4 years of continuous DPX abuse. They were consuming an average dose per day 3.5 times higher than the maximum therapeutic dose recommended. The onset of generalized seizures associated with the DPX abuse was confirmed in 53% of the cases. The drug most frequently abused along with DPX was a benzodiazepine (p < .01), followed by marijuana, heroin, alcohol, stimulants (cocaine and amphetamines), and inhalants; 17% of the cases were pure DPX abusers. DPX was the first opiate ever abused in 67% of the cases, 19% had abused heroin before DPX, and 14% started the use of both at the same time. The difference among these groups (p < .01) suggests DPX as an opiate of primary abuse and not as secondary to heroin dependence.