Reactive production of extracellular matrix (ECM) by corneal endothelial cells.

Results of experimental and histopathological studies of reactive production of extracellular matrix by corneal endothelial cells are summarized and evaluated. In anterior synechiae, epithelial ingrowth and a chronic corneal ulcer extracellular matrix was produced not only toward Descemet's membrane but also on the normally free endothelial cell surface. In some cases of anterior synechiae and cystic epithelial ingrowth, after partial separation of the new layer of extracellular matrix, recovery and regeneration of endothelial cells was possible. In diffuse epithelial invasion, extracellular matrix facilitated at the beginning the progression of epithelium over endothelium, putatively serving as a substrate; however, in longer-standing invasions endothelial cells degenerated and died. Reactive production of extracellular matrix may represent a defensive mechanism of endothelium threatened by foreign cells, tissues or materials.