[Schistosomiasis: diagnosis and treatment].

LABORATORY DIAGNOSIS: Eggs from Schistosoma haematobium can be found in large quantities in end-miction urine. Their elimination is favored by forced urination. Large quantities of S. mansoni, S. intercalatum, S. japonicum, and S. mekongi can be found on the surface of stools and in mucus and bloody fecal matter. Eggs from S. haematobium are exceptionally found in stools and may be identified in rectosigmoid biopsy samples. Immunological reactions can also be used to identify the species.

THERAPY: Praziquantel, the drug of choice, is active against all schistosomal species. Oxamniquine is only active against S. mansoni and is not used outside Latin America. Molluscicidal agents have provided interesting results. Sanitary measures and education are essential therapeutic tools while waiting for a hypothetical vaccine.