Effects of chronic ethanol intoxication on aldehyde dehydrogenase in mouse liver.

Effects of chronic ethanol treatment with liquid diet (ethanol constituted 28% of the calories) on hepatic aldehyde dehydrogenase (ALDH) isozymes were studied in mice. One week of ethanol feeding caused 66% loss of mitochondrial low Km ALDH activity and 80% loss of mitochondrial high Km ALDH activity, compared with the control-fed group. However, these decreases recovered after 4 weeks of ethanol feeding. The cytosolic ALDH activity increased up to 140% after 10 weeks of ethanol feeding, compared with the control-fed group. Effects of acute ethanol injection on ALDH activity after prolonged ethanol feeding were studied. The severe acute ethanol injection (4.5 g/kg body wt) after 4 weeks of ethanol feeding caused a drastic decrease of the mitochondrial low Km ALDH activity; however, that did not affect the ethanol-fed group. After 10 weeks of ethanol feeding, acute ethanol injection (4.5 g/kg body wt) caused about twofold increase in mitochondrial low Km ALDH activity. From the agarose IEF study, it was found that ethanol intoxication does not affect the number and pI value of ALDH isozymes.