Physical therapy in sport : official journal of the Association of Chartered Physiotherapists in Sports Medicine · 2025
Test-related psychological responses and quadriceps neuromuscular outcomes in people with and without patellofemoral pain.
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Batista Natanael P, Murray Amanda M, Norte Grant E, Glaviano Neal R, Kothari Jaini H, Streetman Emma G, Geers Andrew L, Bazett-Jones David M
Аннотация
OBJECTIVES: To investigate test-related psychological responses during quadriceps neuromuscular assessments in individuals with and without patellofemoral pain (PFP), and examine their relationship with test outcomes.
DESIGN: Cross-sectional study.
SETTING: Laboratory.
PARTICIPANTS: Forty-six individuals (23 with PFP, 23 pain-free controls).
MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: We assessed knee extension peak torque, early and late rate of torque development (RTD) during maximal voluntary isometric contractions (MVICs). Central activation ratio was assessed using the superimposed burst (SIB) technique, and active motor threshold using transcranial magnetic stimulation (TMS). Psychological responses (discomfort, thigh pain, knee pain, anxiety, and fear) were rated on a 0-100 visual analogue scale for each test.
RESULTS: Compared to controls, the PFP group reported greater discomfort (adjusted p = 0.007) and knee pain (adjusted p = 0.007) during MVICs, and greater knee pain during SIB (adjusted p = 0.011) and TMS (adjusted p = 0.011). There were no significant correlations between test-related psychological responses and test outcomes.
CONCLUSIONS: Psychological responses were generally similar between groups, except that those with PFP reported greater knee pain in all tests. Although elevated in both groups, these responses were not significantly associated with poorer test outcomes. These findings support the utility of these assessments and underscore the importance of monitoring patient comfort during testing.
DESIGN: Cross-sectional study.
SETTING: Laboratory.
PARTICIPANTS: Forty-six individuals (23 with PFP, 23 pain-free controls).
MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: We assessed knee extension peak torque, early and late rate of torque development (RTD) during maximal voluntary isometric contractions (MVICs). Central activation ratio was assessed using the superimposed burst (SIB) technique, and active motor threshold using transcranial magnetic stimulation (TMS). Psychological responses (discomfort, thigh pain, knee pain, anxiety, and fear) were rated on a 0-100 visual analogue scale for each test.
RESULTS: Compared to controls, the PFP group reported greater discomfort (adjusted p = 0.007) and knee pain (adjusted p = 0.007) during MVICs, and greater knee pain during SIB (adjusted p = 0.011) and TMS (adjusted p = 0.011). There were no significant correlations between test-related psychological responses and test outcomes.
CONCLUSIONS: Psychological responses were generally similar between groups, except that those with PFP reported greater knee pain in all tests. Although elevated in both groups, these responses were not significantly associated with poorer test outcomes. These findings support the utility of these assessments and underscore the importance of monitoring patient comfort during testing.