International journal of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease · 2026
Gender Divergence in COPD Phenotypes and Narrowing Urban-Rural Diagnostic Gaps: A Surveillance Study in Chongqing, China, 2020-2024.
СтатьяСравнительное исследованиеПоддержка исследования: вне правительства СШАНазвание и аннотация: Перевод пока не подготовлен
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Tan Qiang, Gao Yang, Lv Xiaoyan, Jiao Yan, Lian Jian, Ding Xianbin
Аннотация
PURPOSE: To analyze epidemiological trends of COPD, chronic bronchitis, and emphysema in Chongqing, China (2020-2024), and assess spirometry-confirmed diagnosis rates.
PATIENTS AND METHODS: Data were obtained from the Chongqing Chronic Disease Surveillance System (CCDSS), including 975,421 incident cases and 1,244,978 prevalent cases among residents aged ≥15 years, and 239,086 deaths from all age groups. Age‑standardized rates were calculated using the 2000 Chinese census population. Type 1 (spirometry‑confirmed) COPD diagnosis rate was analyzed by urban-rural residence.
RESULTS: Age-standardized prevalence per 100,000 increased for COPD (732.06 to 1,424.54), emphysema (182.51 to 536.71), and chronic bronchitis (309.48 to 1,021.75). COPD and emphysema were male-predominant; chronic bronchitis became female-predominant after 2023. Rural burden was consistently higher. Type 1 diagnosis rate rose sharply from 6.96% (2022) to 26.04% (2024), with urban-rural gap narrowing to 0.77 percentage points.
CONCLUSION: The rising prevalence mainly reflects improved case ascertainment. Female‑predominant chronic bronchitis highlights the need for sex‑specific public health strategies. The rapid increase in spirometry‑confirmed diagnosis and near‑elimination of urban-rural disparity demonstrate a successful model for diagnostic standardization in primary care.
PATIENTS AND METHODS: Data were obtained from the Chongqing Chronic Disease Surveillance System (CCDSS), including 975,421 incident cases and 1,244,978 prevalent cases among residents aged ≥15 years, and 239,086 deaths from all age groups. Age‑standardized rates were calculated using the 2000 Chinese census population. Type 1 (spirometry‑confirmed) COPD diagnosis rate was analyzed by urban-rural residence.
RESULTS: Age-standardized prevalence per 100,000 increased for COPD (732.06 to 1,424.54), emphysema (182.51 to 536.71), and chronic bronchitis (309.48 to 1,021.75). COPD and emphysema were male-predominant; chronic bronchitis became female-predominant after 2023. Rural burden was consistently higher. Type 1 diagnosis rate rose sharply from 6.96% (2022) to 26.04% (2024), with urban-rural gap narrowing to 0.77 percentage points.
CONCLUSION: The rising prevalence mainly reflects improved case ascertainment. Female‑predominant chronic bronchitis highlights the need for sex‑specific public health strategies. The rapid increase in spirometry‑confirmed diagnosis and near‑elimination of urban-rural disparity demonstrate a successful model for diagnostic standardization in primary care.
Предметные рубрики MeSH
HumansChinaFemalePulmonary Disease, Chronic ObstructiveMalePrevalenceBronchitis, ChronicSex FactorsPhenotypeUrban HealthMiddle AgedRural HealthAgedSex DistributionAdultSpirometryPulmonary EmphysemaAdolescentYoung AdultHealth Status DisparitiesPredictive Value of TestsIncidenceTime FactorsAge DistributionAged, 80 and over