Effects of mixed traffic flow and time pressure on violated driving behaviors of bus drivers.

This study aimed to examine the effects of mixed traffic flow (MTF) environments with time pressure (TP) on violated driving behaviours (VDBs) of bus drivers. A questionnaire-based survey was conducted among bus drivers. Factor analyses, partial correlation and linear regression analyses were utilised to explore the associations among VDB, MTF and TP. Our results proposed two novel measurements of MTF and TP and one modified VDB scale. Bus drivers who perceived a higher presence of motorcycles and more dangerous interactions among vehicles were less likely to participate in VDB. Those who perceived motorcyclists as aggressive, road users' traffic habits as unsafe, and bus routes' punctuality and organisation as very strict were more likely to engage in VDB. The predictive models indicated a higher influence of MTF and TP on VDB among bus drivers involved in an accident over the last 3 years compared to other groups.