Establishment of an ultrasonographic approach to the muscular structures of the ventromedial hip region with comparative magnetic resonance imaging in the dog.

OBJECTIVE

To establish an ultrasound protocol for identifying the muscular structures of the ventromedial hip region that contribute to coxofemoral joint stability, with comparative MRI and gross anatomic dissection confirmation of accurate structure identification.

METHODS

High-frequency B-mode ultrasonography and 3-Tesla MRI were utilized to bilaterally investigate the muscular anatomy of the ventromedial hip region in 5 normal adult canine pelvis cadaver specimens (n = 10) from September 1, 2024, through August 30, 2025. Ultrasonographic and MRI appearance and anatomic relationships of the evaluated structures were documented and assessed for consistency. Structure identification was confirmed through ultrasound-guided dye placement (using 2 separate specimens for each evaluated structure) followed by gross anatomical dissection.

RESULTS

High-quality ultrasound and MRI images of the pectineus, iliopsoas, adductor longus, adductor magnus et brevis, gracilis, and external obturator muscles were acquired in all specimens. The ultrasonographic approach for evaluating muscles of the ventromedial hip region was documented. Specimen dissection immediately following ultrasound-guided dye injections confirmed accurate identification of all 6 muscles on both attempts, performed separately by 2 clinicians. Structure identification and anatomical descriptions were consistent amongst MRI, ultrasound, and dissection.

CONCLUSIONS

This study provides foundational knowledge in ultrasound and MRI anatomy of the ventromedial hip region and demonstrates methods for effective ultrasonographic evaluation of this region.

CLINICAL RELEVANCE: These findings provide a foundation for diagnosing soft tissue injuries in the ventromedial hip region and guiding rehabilitation strategies in dogs with hip disease.