Frontiers in cardiovascular medicine · 2026
Three-dimensional laser scanning technology for accurate lower limb edema assessment in heart failure patients: a feasibility study.
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Lippi Lorenzo, Nascimben Mauro, Turco Alessio, Refati Fjorelo, De Michelis Valter, de Sire Alessandro, Invernizzi Marco, Rimondini Lia
Аннотация
INTRODUCTION: Lower limb edema is a common manifestation in older adults with heart failure, adversely affecting both physical well-being and functional capacity. Accurate measurement tools are essential for effective clinical management. This feasibility study aimed to evaluate the potential of three-dimensional laser scanning (3DLS) for lower limb volume assessment by examining its preliminary agreement and repeatability compared the traditional circumferential method (CM).
MATERIALS AND METHODS: Heart failure older adults (n = 8; mean age 73 ± 4.51 years) were recruited, and lower limb volumes were assessed with both CM and 3DLS. Different digital volume quantification algorithms were used. Correlation, linear regression, and Bland-Altman plots were used to evaluate the agreement between methods.
RESULTS: Significant correlations were observed between all digital methods and the CM. In particular, DELA VERT-3DLS method showed the highest correlation (r = 0.856; p < 0.001). Bland-Altman analysis revealed a consistent trend of overestimation among digital methods.
CONCLUSION: These preliminary findings suggest that 3DLS is a feasible and potentially practical approach for lower limb volumetric assessment in older adults with heart failure. However, given the small sample size, further studies with larger cohorts are warranted to confirm feasibility and explore reliability, agreement, and clinical applicability.
MATERIALS AND METHODS: Heart failure older adults (n = 8; mean age 73 ± 4.51 years) were recruited, and lower limb volumes were assessed with both CM and 3DLS. Different digital volume quantification algorithms were used. Correlation, linear regression, and Bland-Altman plots were used to evaluate the agreement between methods.
RESULTS: Significant correlations were observed between all digital methods and the CM. In particular, DELA VERT-3DLS method showed the highest correlation (r = 0.856; p < 0.001). Bland-Altman analysis revealed a consistent trend of overestimation among digital methods.
CONCLUSION: These preliminary findings suggest that 3DLS is a feasible and potentially practical approach for lower limb volumetric assessment in older adults with heart failure. However, given the small sample size, further studies with larger cohorts are warranted to confirm feasibility and explore reliability, agreement, and clinical applicability.