Unravelling the novel insights between miR-7 and Parkinson's disease (PD).

Background:miR-7, a short non-coding RNA (ncRNA), has been implicated in molecular pathways associated with Parkinson’s Disease (PD) pathogenesis by regulating the expression of genes, including SNCA, which encodes the α-Synuclein (α-Syn) protein. PD, the second most common neurodegenerative disorder, has a multifactorial origin involving gene mutations, lifestyle factors, and inflammation. A hallmark of PD is the abnormal expression of SNCA, leading to α-Syn protein deposition in dopaminergic neurons. Mechanisms and Functional Roles:miR-7 regulates SNCA expression by binding to the 3’UTR of SNCA mRNA, and altered miR-7 levels have been associated with changes in SNCA protein expression. Additionally, miR-7 influences Brain Derived Neurotrophic Factor (BDNF), vital for dopaminergic neuron development and maintenance. The relationship between miR-7 and BDNF is complex, as miR-7 regulates BDNF indirectly through SNCA. Moreover, miR-7 is involved in the PI3K/AKT/mTOR signaling pathway, significant in PD pathogenesis. However, all the evidences of miR-7 being a master regulator comes mostly from animal and cell studies with limited human studies. Beyond its pathological role, miR-7 is essential for neuron and mitochondrial function, and its role in normal brain activity. Conclusion: This review highlights miR-7 associated regulatory mechanisms involved in PD pathogenesis, emphasizing its regulatory role, neuroprotective functions, participation in signaling pathways, and therapeutic potential. Understanding miR-7’s mechanisms offer insight into its role in PD and its prospects for targeted interventions.