The Journal of nutrition · 2025
Dietary Effects of Fish Oil Containing EPA and DHA on Performance, Fatty Acid Deposition, Plasma Oxylipins, and Cytokines in Response to LPS Challenge in Laying Hens.
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Li Shengnan, Jing Mingyan, Plaksii Maryna, Zhao Shusheng, Cayer Lucien Gj, Yang Chengbo, House James D, Aukema Harold M
Аннотация
BACKGROUND: Including fish oil (FO) in laying hen diets is an attractive strategy to increase egg and tissue omega (ω)-3 PUFA, while simultaneously protecting hens from potential immune challenges.
OBJECTIVES: This study compared effects of a standard hen diet with FO containing EPA and DHA on plasma oxylipins and splenic cytokine expression in LPS-challenged layers.
METHODS: Twenty-four 40-wk-old Dekalb White layers were randomly assigned to either control (no EPA or DHA) or FO (0.4 g/100 g EPA and DHA) diets. After 6 wk, hens were challenged with LPS (8 mg/kg body weight; i.v.) or saline 2 h before termination. PUFA were analyzed by GC, free oxylipins by HPLC/MS/MS, and splenic cytokines by quantitative reverse transcriptase-polymerase chain reaction. Data were analyzed by principal component analysis and analysis of variance.
RESULTS: Yolk, liver, and plasma were enriched in ω-3 PUFA and reduced in ω-6 PUFA in FO group. Interestingly, LPS increased liver α-linolenic acid (ALA) and plasma ALA and DHA in FO-fed hens (P < 0.05). FO-fed hens exhibited higher plasma EPA and DHA oxylipins, and lower ω-6 oxylipins. Because of an interaction with FO, LPS increased ∼14% of oxylipins in control hens, particularly octadecanoids from ALA and linoleic acid, whereas in FO-fed hens, LPS decreased ∼31% of oxylipins derived from ω-6 and also from ω-3 PUFA (P < 0.05). Consistent with these putatively anti-inflammatory effects, FO decreased oxylipins associated with higher soluble epoxide hydrolase activity in saline-treated hens. However, FO increased these oxylipins in LPS-treated hens (P < 0.05). LPS induced the expression of splenic cytokines, and this was not altered by diet.
CONCLUSIONS: Dietary EPA and DHA enrich ω-3 PUFA in yolk, liver, and plasma of layers, and modulate plasma oxylipins. Whether oxylipin changes mediate or are a consequence of FO effects on LPS-induced inflammation remains to be elucidated.
OBJECTIVES: This study compared effects of a standard hen diet with FO containing EPA and DHA on plasma oxylipins and splenic cytokine expression in LPS-challenged layers.
METHODS: Twenty-four 40-wk-old Dekalb White layers were randomly assigned to either control (no EPA or DHA) or FO (0.4 g/100 g EPA and DHA) diets. After 6 wk, hens were challenged with LPS (8 mg/kg body weight; i.v.) or saline 2 h before termination. PUFA were analyzed by GC, free oxylipins by HPLC/MS/MS, and splenic cytokines by quantitative reverse transcriptase-polymerase chain reaction. Data were analyzed by principal component analysis and analysis of variance.
RESULTS: Yolk, liver, and plasma were enriched in ω-3 PUFA and reduced in ω-6 PUFA in FO group. Interestingly, LPS increased liver α-linolenic acid (ALA) and plasma ALA and DHA in FO-fed hens (P < 0.05). FO-fed hens exhibited higher plasma EPA and DHA oxylipins, and lower ω-6 oxylipins. Because of an interaction with FO, LPS increased ∼14% of oxylipins in control hens, particularly octadecanoids from ALA and linoleic acid, whereas in FO-fed hens, LPS decreased ∼31% of oxylipins derived from ω-6 and also from ω-3 PUFA (P < 0.05). Consistent with these putatively anti-inflammatory effects, FO decreased oxylipins associated with higher soluble epoxide hydrolase activity in saline-treated hens. However, FO increased these oxylipins in LPS-treated hens (P < 0.05). LPS induced the expression of splenic cytokines, and this was not altered by diet.
CONCLUSIONS: Dietary EPA and DHA enrich ω-3 PUFA in yolk, liver, and plasma of layers, and modulate plasma oxylipins. Whether oxylipin changes mediate or are a consequence of FO effects on LPS-induced inflammation remains to be elucidated.