Total parenteral nutrition in neonates.

Parenteral Nutrition (PN) allows us to meet a neonates requirement for growth and development when their size or condition precludes enteral feeding. Although feeding through the gastrointestinal tract is the preferred route for nutritional management, there are specific conditions where PN as an adjunctive or sole therapy is necessary. In very low birth weight premature infants, due to the immaturity of the gastrointestinal systems, enteral feeding cannot be established in the first few days of life. In critically ill neonates, neonates with protracted diarrhea and neonates who have had major GI surgery, PN can successfully meet the nutritional demands. Parenteral Nutrition solutions, although still evolving, have improved considerably since the early days and complications are now less common when amino acids and lipids are given in a dose of 1-3 g / kg / day. Meticulous attention to asepsis, good nursing care and close biochemical monitoring are absolutely essential for successful PN therapy.