Role of eotaxin-3 in chronic rhinosinusitis with nasal polyps.

Chronic rhinosinusitis with nasal polyps (CRSwNP) is connected to a chronic inflammatory process with the activation of different immune components. Eotaxin-3, acidic mammalian chitinase (AMCase), and interleukin (IL)–13 as focal immune factors have been detected in CRSwNP, but their importance and relationship are still being investigated. This study aims to detect the expression of AMCase, IL-13, and eotaxin-3 in the mRNA level and investigate their roles and relationships in CRSwNP. Twenty-four subjects with eosinophilic CRSwNP and 11 controls were included in the study. Tissues were obtained by endoscopic sinus surgery. Target genes were detected by real-time reverse transcription–polymerase chain reaction. AMCase, eotaxin-3, and IL-13 were detected in all CRSwNP and controls. The expression of AMCase, eotaxin-3, IL-13, and mRNA was significantly higher in patients with CRSwNP than in the control group. There was a significantly positive correlation not only between AMCase and eotaxin-3 but also between IL-13 and eotaxin-3 in CRSwNP. Increased AMCase, IL-13, and eotaxin-3 might lead to the Th2 inflammatory cascade reaction.