Next-Generation Teleophthalmology: AI-enabled Quality Assessment Aiding Remote Smartphone-based Consultation.

Blindness and other eye diseases are a global health concern, particularly in low- and middle-income countries like India. In this regard, during the COVID-19 pandemic, teleophthalmology became a lifeline, and the Grabi attachment for smartphone-based eye imaging gained in use. However, user-captured images do not often possess complete clinical information for decision making, leading to delays. In this backdrop, we propose an AI-based quality assessment system with instant feedback mimicking clinicians' judgments and tested on patient-captured images. Dividing the complex problem hierarchically, here we tackle a nontrivial part, and demonstrate a proof of the concept.