[Canal anal carcinoma].

Canal anal carcinoma. Anal carcinomas are rare, but their incidence has increased in recent years. They are induced by the Human papillomas virus (mostly genotype 16). The prevalence is high among HIV-infected men who have sex with men (MSM) and primary prevention by vaccination against HPV is a source of hope in this population. Screening is based on the detection and treatment of precancerous lesions, called anal intra-epithelial neoplasia, which can be of low grade or high grade. It concerns a category of HIV-infected patients: MSM, history of condyloma or precancerous/cancerous lesions of the cervix. Treatment, based on a combination of simultaneous chemotherapy and radiation therapy, allows a complete response rate of 80%. In case of persistence or tumor recurrence, abdominoperineal resection remains the treatment of choice. Advanced diseases can benefit from highly effective chemotherapy combinations or even in the future, combination of chemotherapy and immunotherapy.