[Challenges and advances in diagnostics, prevention and treatment of hepatorenal syndrome].

Hepatorenal syndrome (HRS) is an exclusion diagnosis in patients with decompensated liver cirrhosis. True hepatic functional insufficiency is sometimes unobvious. Differential diagnostics of HRS encounters difficulty despite new diagnostic criteria. HRS can be prevented by the correct treatment of portal hypertension and hepatic insufficiency under careful monitoring. Effective conservative therapy may significantly change the short-term prognosis and facilitate remission in selected patients. Terlipressin is the agent of choice for HRS therapy aimed at the promotion of intrahospital survival for the subsequent referral of the patient to liver transplantation.