Sarcoidosis associated with interferon-alpha therapy for chronic hepatitis B.

Sarcoidosis is one of the possible rare complications of interferon-alpha (IFN-alpha) therapy. Only a few reports have been published on this disease, and these have been associated with the treatment of malignant diseases, essential thrombocytosis, and chronic hepatitis C. We report on a 64-year-old man with chronic hepatitis B (HBsAg, HBeAg, HBV DNA-positive) who was treated with recombinant IFN-alpha-2b (5 MU three times weekly) for 28 weeks. Tolerance to treatment was very good; only a mild flu-like syndrome appeared. Twelve months after completing the therapy, a chest X-ray was performed that revealed bilateral hilar masses, and high-resolution computed tomography (HRCT) of the chest indicated the presence of lymphadenopathy of the anterior and middle mediastinum. Therefore, a right-sided thoracoscopy was performed with excision of a 27-mm lymph node and a histological diagnosis of sarcoidosis was made. No medication for sarcoidosis was indicated. Complete normalization of mediastinal lymphadenopathy (verified on HRCT and chest X-ray) was confirmed 1 year following the thoracoscopy. To our knowledge, this is the first case wherein occurrence of sarcoidosis in a chronic hepatitis B patient treated with IFN-alpha is described. We suppose that IFN-alpha, as a potent stimulator of T-helper 1 (Th1) immune responses, may trigger the compartmentalized Th1 reaction that has been shown to take place in sarcoidosis.