Allergic conjunctivitis: Prevalence, clinical patterns, and awareness in adults: A population-based cross-sectional study in Riyadh, Saudi Arabia.

BACKGROUND

Allergic conjunctivitis (AC) is a prevalent ocular condition caused by allergic reactions to environmental allergens, impacting eye health and quality of life. Public awareness and knowledge of AC, including its symptoms, triggers, and management options, are vital for early intervention. Moreover, understanding the role of allergens like pollen and dust mites in exacerbating AC is essential, yet public awareness remains limited.

METHODS

A population-based cross-sectional study was conducted using an online survey from May 25 to June 27, 2025. The questionnaire covered demographics, symptom patterns, potential triggers, and awareness levels. Data from 600 eligible participants were analyzed using descriptive statistics, Chi-square tests, and multivariable logistic regression.

RESULTS

A total of 70.5% of participants reported symptoms consistent with AC, but only 12% had received a formal diagnosis. Most participants identified dust (19.8%) as a common trigger, while 28.3% were unsure of the cause. Consulting an ophthalmologist significantly predicted a diagnosis (OR = 3.41, P < 0.001). Although many participants reported coexisting conditions such as asthma (11.3%) and allergic rhinitis (20.2%), these did not independently predict diagnosis.

CONCLUSION

AC symptoms are widespread among adults in Riyadh, but many cases go undiagnosed due to limited awareness and low rates of specialist consultation. Our findings highlight the need for targeted public health initiatives to improve early detection and effective management of AC.